Emerging New Mesothelioma Treatments and Research
Page Medically Reviewed and Edited by Luis Argote-Greene, M.D.This page has been fact checked by a Medical Doctor who specializes in mesothelioma. Sources of information are listed at the bottom of the article.
We make every attempt to keep our information accurate and up-to-date.
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Mesothelioma is an aggressive type of cancer that attacks the layers of tissue surrounding organs in the body. It develops most commonly in the tissue lining the lungs, called the pleura.[1] Pleural mesothelioma is aggressive, typically not diagnosed until the later stages, and challenging to treat.
Traditional cancer treatments may be effective at extending the life of a mesothelioma patient and reducing pain, but they are almost never curative.[2] The latest mesothelioma research is developing emerging treatments with better, more promising results.
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Why is Mesothelioma So Difficult to Treat?
Treatment is an ongoing challenge for patients with mesothelioma and for the specialists that care for them:
- One of the biggest challenges is that it is often diagnosed in later stages, when the cancer has spread.[3]
- Another challenge is that mesothelioma spreads rapidly. It is an aggressive cancer.
- Unlike many other cancers, mesothelioma does not grow as a single tumor. It spreads along surfaces and blood vessels. Surgery to remove all of the malignancies is not always possible.[4]
- Mesothelioma is rare, which means that doctors have few cases for comparison in order to determine the best treatment.[4]
Because of these challenges, the standard cancer treatments–chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation–are not always effective. Researchers are working on new treatments to help mesothelioma patients live longer and with a better quality of life.
Targeted Drugs for Mesothelioma
Chemotherapy is a standard treatment for many types of cancer, including mesothelioma. The effects on mesothelioma are generally short-term, so researchers are testing new drugs that may be more effective.[5]
Sunitinib is one of these newer, targeted drugs currently under study.[6] Drugs that are specifically designed to target a protein called mesothelin are also under development and in clinical trial stages. Mesothelin helps differentiate tumor cells from healthy cells so that drugs targeting it will not harm healthy cells.[7]
Photodynamic Therapy
Photodynamic therapy, or PDT, is a treatment strategy that targets cancer cells by using light-activated drugs. The drug is injected into the body and accumulates in the tumor. Doctors then insert a light into the chest cavity to activate the drugs. The light is directed at the tumor, so that other areas where the drug may have accumulated remain protected.[5]
When activated, these special drugs go to work killing cancer cells. Because this is a targeted treatment, it could kill cancer cells and shrink mesothelioma tumors with minimal harm to healthy cells in the body. There are clinical trials ongoing right now testing PDT.[5]
Immunotherapy
Targeting the immune system is another line of research in mesothelioma and cancer treatment. Treatments use the patient’s own immune system to target cancer cells. Some immunotherapy drugs come in vaccine form. An injected drug attaches to cancer cells so the immune system cells recognize them as pathogens.[5]
Tumor Treating Fields
A new type of therapy was recently approved for treating mesothelioma patients when used along with chemotherapy. Known as tumor treating fields, or TTFields, the system applies alternating electric fields to the cancerous tissue from outside the body. It is non-invasive and shows promising results in extending life expectancy.[8]
Other Emerging Treatments
Some other emerging treatments are newer and require more research and clinical trials, but show promise for managing mesothelioma:
- Gene therapy involves manipulating the genes in the DNA of certain cells to treat or cure a disease. For mesothelioma, gene therapy as a treatment is being tested by inserting new genes into the cancer cells. These changes are expected to make the cells easier to kill with other treatment strategies.[5]
- Some researchers are also designing viruses that specifically attack and weaken or kill mesothelioma cancer cells, but not other types of cells. This kind of therapy is in the early stages of research and clinical trials, but there is hope that it could be an effective treatment in the future.[5]
- Intensity modulated radiation also shows promise as a more targeted treatment, while using radiation therapy to prevent the spread of mesothelioma is also under investigation.[9]
- Another new line of investigation is using cryotherapy, or freezing cancer tissues, and has shown some effectiveness in treating mesothelioma.[10]
Mesothelioma Research: Cause, Prevention, and Diagnosis
The research that directly tests new therapies and treatments is not the only important research ongoing with respect to mesothelioma. Researchers are also working on determining how asbestos causes mesothelioma and how it could be prevented.
Also important is finding better ways to diagnose mesothelioma so that it can be treated more effectively in earlier stages. One line of diagnostic research is investigating the presence of biomarkers, molecules in the blood that could diagnose mesothelioma earlier and more accurately.[11]
The ongoing research into treating, and diagnosing, mesothelioma is crucial to helping save more people from this terrible disease. Education, awareness, and fundraising are crucial for helping this kind of research get more funding so that more people can be saved.
Page Medically Reviewed and Edited byLuis Argote-Greene, M.D.
Luis Argote-Greene is an internationally recognized thoracic surgeon. He has trained and worked with some of the most prominently known thoracic surgeons in the United States and Mexico, including pioneering mesothelioma surgeon Dr. David Sugarbaker. He is professionally affiliated with University Hospitals (UH). His areas of interest and expertise are mesothelioma, mediastinal tumors, thoracic malignancies, lung cancer, lung transplantation, esophageal cancer, experimental surgery, and lung volume reduction. Dr. Argote-Greene has also done pioneering work with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), as well as robotic assisted minimally invasive surgery. He has taught the procedures to other surgeons both nationally and internationally.